Scientific Calculator

Calculator

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It is an calculator is a device used to perform calculations. Modern calculators often incorporate general-purpose computing capabilities, but they're typically designed to perform specific tasks. For example, graphing calculators focus on graph-centric mathematics, like trigonometry or statistical. Additionally modern calculators are larger and more mobile than computers However, some personal electronic assistants (PDAs) are similar in size and weight to hand-held calculators.

While calculators can be small but in the future devices that are just as small as credit cards could be able perform exactly the same calculations that are used in the large scientific calculators. Another possibility for innovation is a handheld computer where the notes aren't inputted by buttons but are written on screen. In this way, the requirement for buttons could be eliminated and the overall dimensions of the device would be further reduced.

Overview

There was a time in which mechanical Clerical aids, like abaci, Napier's bones and comptometers mathematical books, slides, tables, or mechanical add machines were used to perform numeric work. The word "calculator" denoted a person who earned a living with such tools , as in addition to writing instruments as well as pen. The semi-manual process of calculation was slow and costly to make mistakes.

These modern calculators run on electricity and come with a variety of styles and sizes, ranging from basic, give-away, credit card models, to tough models that include machine-like printers.

Electronic calculators

At one time, calculators could be bigger than our modern-day computers. These were among the first desktop mechanical calculators. They were later replaced by electromechanical desktop calculators and , later on, electronic calculators made use of the first thermionics-based valves, then transistors and finally, circuit logic that was hard-wired. Nowadays, the majority calculators are handheld electronic devices.

Basic configuration

The quality of calculators is contingent on their function they are designed for. A basic calculator may comprise the following elements:

• A source of energy that could be a batteries or an solar panel or both
• A displaythat is made by LED light sources as well as liquid crystal (LCD) capable of showing a number of numbers (typically either 8 or 10.)
• Electronic circuitry
• A keypad that has:
  • The ten digits in ten 0 through 9
  • The decimal point
  • The equals sign, which is used to summon the answer
  • The four Arithmetic functions (namely subtraction multiplication by subtraction and division)
  • The cancel button will stop the current calculation
  • To turn off or on, click the buttons.
  • Other functions that are essential like square root and percent (%).
• Some models with more advanced features might have a one-number storage that is stored in case of need. It could also have a Cancel Entry button that will erase all numbers currently being entered.

In the last 10 years, simple calculators have been put in smaller devices such as smartphones, cell phones, or wristwatches.

Electronic calculators with advanced technology

Modern scientific calculators include trigonometric, statistical and other mathematical features. Modern calculators are able to display graphics and include features from computers algebra systems. They are also programmeable. calculator applications can also include financial models, algebraic equation solvers along with games. The majority of calculators allow printing numbers that are up to 10 decimal points or even digits completely displayed on the screen. Scientific notation can be utilized to mark numbers up to 9.999999999*10 ⁹⁹. If a larger number or mathematical expression yields more than what it was entered (a typical example would be typing "100! ", read as "100 factorial") then the calculator will show "error."

"Error" is also displayed when a function or operation , is not mathematically defined for example, division by zero, or even the root of numbers that are negative (most scientific calculators do not support complicated numbers, however some of the more expensive models provide specific functions working with complex numbers). A few, but certainly not all calculators can recognize these two types of "error," though when they do, they're difficult for users to grasp since they're usually referred to by the terms "error 1" or "error 2."

Certain companies develop and make modern professional finance and engineering calculators among them are Casio, Sharp, Hewlett-Packard (HP), as well as Texas Instruments (TI). These calculators provide a wonderful examples for embedded applications.